Minoxidil is the most studied topical hair growth medication, with decades of clinical evidence. Effective for both men and women with androgenetic alopecia. Physician-prescribed via telehealth with combination formulas available.
Minoxidil was originally developed as an oral blood pressure medication; researchers noticed patients growing hair as a side effect. The topical form was developed specifically for hair loss. It works by prolonging the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle, enlarging miniaturized follicles, and increasing local blood flow to the scalp. It does not address DHT — which is why combining it with finasteride produces stronger results.
Minoxidil is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia in both men (5% concentration) and women (2% and 5%). It is typically first-line for women because finasteride is contraindicated in women of childbearing potential. For men, it's most effective combined with finasteride.
Most common: scalp irritation, dryness, itching. Less common: unwanted facial hair growth (more frequent in women), dizziness, headache (rare with topical). Oral minoxidil at low dose (off-label for hair loss) is sometimes used by physicians as an alternative; discuss with your doctor.
Medical disclaimer: Educational content, not medical advice. Page medically reviewed by Teja V. Surapaneni, MD, MS (NV, WA, OR, WY). Last reviewed: April 17, 2026